Contributors (Volume XII)

DR. MARGORIE M. KIMMERLE is an instructor in English language at the University of Colorado. She received the bachelor and master of arts degrees from Radcliffe College and the degree of doctor of philosophy from the University of Wisconsin. Her doctoral dissertation dealt with "Norwegian Surnames of the Koshkonong and Springdale Congregations in Dane County, Wisconsin," and she is continuing her study of Norwegian-American surnames.

MISS ELLA VALBORG RØLVAAG, a daughter of Ole E. Rølvaag, is an instructor in English at Luther College, Decorah, Iowa, and is in charge of dramatic productions at that institution. She was graduated from St. Olaf College and holds the master of arts degree from the University of Wisconsin. She spent the year 1937-38 in Norway as a fellow of the American-Scandinavian Foundation.

MISS CLARA JACOBSON is a daughter of the Reverend Abraham Jacobson. She was born near Decorah, Iowa, and for many years taught in public and parochial schools in Minnesota, Iowa, and Wisconsin. She translated stories from German for Kvinden og hjemmet. Her story of "A Journey to America in the Fifties" is a translation of an article that appeared in Symra in 1918. Miss Jacobson now lives in St. Paul.

DR. MARTIN L. REYMERT is director of the Mooseheart Laboratory for Child Research at Mooseheart, Illinois. He has achieved widespread recognition both in Europe and America for his work in psychology, and is the author of numerous monographs in that field.

DR. C. A. CLAUSEN is head of the department of history at Wittenberg College, Springfield, Ohio. He is a graduate of St. Olaf College and holds the degree of doctor of philosophy from the University of Illinois. He has made contributions to several preceding volumes in this series.

MR. BIRGER OSLAND is the treasurer and one of the founders of the Norwegian-American Historical Association. He was born in Stavanger, Norway, in 1870, and emigrated to the United States in 1888. In 1911 he founded in Chicago Birger Osland and Company, Investments. His activities have had a wide range, including Norwegian-American societies and clubs in Chicago. Mr. Osland was awarded the degree of doctor of laws by St. Olaf College in 1935.

MISS EVELYN NILSEN, a graduate of Concordia College, Moorhead, Minnesota, received the master of arts degree from the University of Minnesota and has also done graduate work at the University of Wisconsin. She teaches Norwegian and Greek at Augustana College, Sioux Falls, South Dakota.

MR. JOHN HEITMANN, who contributes an article on "Ole Edvart Rølvaag" to the present volume, was a boyhood friend of Rølvaag's in Norway. He came to this country in 1894 and was graduated from the college of law at the University of Minnesota in 1902. Since that time he has practiced law at Duluth.

DR. KENNETH BJØRK, a member of the Board of Editors of the Norwegian-American Historical Association, is associate professor of history at St. Olaf College. He spent the year 1940-41 as guest professor at the University of Michigan and as a research fellow of the Association. He is preparing a volume for the Association on Norwegian engineers and the American economic revolution.

MR. JACOB HODNEFIELD of St. Paul, who continues in this volume his series of bibliographical reports, is director of the historical records survey in Minnesota. This survey under his direction has brought out many volumes of guides to archives and other historical materials.

Norwegian-American Historical Association

Officers

EXECUTIVE BOARD

Arthur Andersen, Chicago, Illinois, President
L. W. Boe, Northfield, Minnesota, Vice-president
J. Jørgen Thompson, Northfield, Minnesota, Secretary
Birger Osland, Chicago, Illinois, Treasurer
S. J. Arnesen, Brooklyn, New York
Frederic Schaefer, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
A. N. Rygg, Brooklyn, New York
David T. Nelson, Decorah, Iowa
Harry J. Williams, Kenilworth, Illinois

BOARD OF FINANCE

T. Stabo, Decorah, Iowa
O. M. Oleson, Fort Dodge, Iowa
Theodore Wold, Minneapolis, Minnesota

BOARD OF EDITORS

Theodore C. Blegen, St. Paul, Minnesota, Managing Editor
Paul Knaplund, Madison, Wisconsin
Carlton C. Qualey, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York
Einar Haugen, Madison, Wisconsin
Kenneth Bjørk, Northfield, Minnesota

BOARD OF ARCHIVES

Agnes Larson, Northfield, Minnesota
Karen Larsen, Northfield, Minnesota
Jacob Hodnefield, St. Paul, Minnesota

LOCAL VICE-PRESIDENTS

C. Martin Alsager, Chicago, Illinois
Axel Arneson, Fort Worth, Texas
J. N. Brown, Moorhead, Minnesota
G. M. Bruce, St. Paul, Minnesota
O. I. Hertsgaard, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Olaf Halvorson, Huntington Park, California
Frida Bue-Homnes, Crosby, North Dakota
R. A. Nestos, Minot, North Dakota
B. L. Wick, Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Charles E. Larsen, Brooklyn, New York
Helmet Blegen, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
Christine Haugen, Sioux City, Iowa
J. M. Johnson, Chicago, Illinois

Publications of the Norwegian-American Historical Association

STUDIES AND RECORDS

VOLUME I. Minneapolis, 1926. 175 p. "Health Conditions and the Practice of Medicine among the Early Norwegian Settlers, 1825-1865," by Knut Gjerset and Ludvig Hektoen; "The Norwegian Quakers of 1825," by Henry J. Cadbury; "Bishop Jacob Neumann's Word of Admonition to the Peasants," translated and edited by Gunnar J. Malrain; Reiersen's contemporary account of "Norwegians in the West in 1844," translated and edited by Theodore C. Blegen; Cock-Jensen's "An Emigrant Voyage in the Fifties," translated and edited by Karen Larsen; Carl F. Solberg's "Reminiscences of a Pioneer Editor," edited by Albert O. Barton. Price $2.00

VOLUME II. Northfield, Minnesota, 1927. 137 p. "Norwegian Emigrant Songs," translated and edited by Martin B. Ruud; "Four Immigrant Shiploads of 1836 and 1837," by Henry J. Cadbury; "Immigration as Viewed by a Norwegian-American Farmer in 1869," a letter translated and edited by Jacob Hodnefield; "The Norwegian Pioneer in the Field of American Scholarship," by Laurence M. Larson; "Norwegian Language and Literature in American Universities," by George T. Flom; "Norwegian-American Church History," by George M. Stephenson. Price $2.00

VOLUME III. Northfield, Minnesota, 1928. 133 p. "The Disillusionment of an Immigrant: Sjur Jørgensen Haaeim's 'Information on Conditions in North America,'" translated and edited by Gunnar J. Malmin; "A Doctrinaire Idealist: Hans Barlien," by D.G. Ristad; "Norwegian-

American Emigration Societies of the Forties and Fifties," by Albert O. Barton; "Emigration as Viewed by a Norwegian Student of Agriculture in 1850: A. Budde's ' From a Letter about America,'" translated by A. Sophie Bøe, with an introduction by Theodore C. Blegen; "An Immigration Journey to America in 1854," a letter translated and edited by Henrietta Larson; "Chicago as Viewed by a Norwegian Immigrant in 1864," a letter translated and edited by Brynjolf J. Hovde; "The Historical Value of Church Records," by J. Magnus Rohne; "A Norwegian-American Landnamsman: Ole S. Gjerset," by Knut Gjerset; "The Icelandic Communities in America: Cultural Backgrounds and Early Settlements," by Thorstina Jackson. Price $2.00

VOLUME IV. Northfield, Minnesota, 1929. 159 p. "A Contribution to the Study of the Adjustment of a Pioneer Pastor to American Conditions: Laur. Larsen, 1857-1880," by Karen Larsen; "Report of the Annual Meeting of the Haugean Churches Held at Lisbon, Illinois, in June, 1854," translated and edited by J. Magnus Rohne; "The Attitude of the United States toward Norway in the Crisis of 1905," by H. Fred Swansen; "Immigration and Social Amelioration,'' by Joseph Schafer; "The Mind of the Scandinavian Immigrant," by George M. Stephenson; "Three Civil War Letters from 1862," translated and edited by Brynjolf J. Horde; "The Sinking of the 'Atlantic' on Lake Erie," a letter translated and edited by Henrietta Larson; "An Account of a Journey to California in 1852," by Tosten Kittelsen Stabæk, translated by Einar I. Haugen. Price $2.00

VOLUME V. Northfield, Minnesota, 1930. 152 p. "An Early Norwegian Fur Trader of the Canadian Northwest," by Hjalmar R. Holand; "Immigrant Women and the American Frontier," three early "America letters" translated and edited by Theodore C. Blegen; "From New York to Wisconsin in 1844," by Johan Gasmann, translated and edited by Carlton C. Qualey; "Social and Economic Aspects of Pioneering as Illustrated in Goodhue County, Minnesota," by Theodore Nydahl; "Norwegian-American Fiction, 1880-1928," by Aagot D. Hoidahl; "Bjørnson and the Norwegian-Americans, 1880-81," by Arthur C. Paulson; "The Beginnings of St. Olaf College," by I. F. Grose; "Some Recent Publications relating to Norwegian-American History," compiled by Jacob Hodnefield. Price $2.00

VOLUME VI. Northfield, Minnesota, 1931. 191 p. "Norwegians in the Selkirk Settlement," by Paul Knaplund; "Claus L. Clausen, Pioneer Pastor and Settlement Promoter: Illustrative Documents," translated and edited by Carlton C. Qualey; "Lars Davidson Reque: Pioneer," by Sophie A. Bøe; "A Pioneer Pastor's Journey to Dakota in 1861," by Abraham Jacobson, translated by J. N. Jacobson; "The Campaign of the Illinois Central Railroad for Norwegian and Swedish Immigrants," by Paul W. Gates; "Norwegians at the Indian Forts on the Missouri River during the Seventies," by Einar Haugen; "The Convention Riot at Benson Grove, Iowa, in 1876," by Laurence M. Larson; "Bjørnson's Reaction to Emigration," by Arne Odd Johnsen; "Alexander Corstvet and Anthony M. Rud, Norwegian-American Novelists," by Albert O. Barton; "The Norwegian-American Historical Museum," by Knut Gjerset; "Norwegian Migration to America before the Civil War," by Brynjolf J. Hovde; "Some Recent Publications relating to Norwegian-American History, II," compiled by Jacob Hodnefield. Price $2.00

VOLUME VII. Northfield, Minnesota, 1933. 139 p. "Social Aspects of Prairie Pioneering: The Reminiscences of a Pioneer Pastor's Wife," by Mrs. R. O. Brandt; "The Fraser River Gold Rush: An Immigrant Letter of 1858," translated and edited by C.A. Clausen; "O. E. Rølvaag: Norwegian-American," by Einar I. Haugen; "Some Recent Publications relating to Norwegian-American History, III," compiled by Jacob Hodnefield; "A Hunt for Norwegian-American Records," by Carlton C. Qualey; "Ole Edvart Rølvaag, 1876--1931: In Memoriam," by Julius E. Olson. Price $2.00

VOLUME VIII. Northfield, Minnesota, 1934. 176 p. "Tellef Grundysen and the Beginnings of Norwegian-American Fiction," by Laurence M. Larson; "The Seventeenth of May in Mid-Atlantic: Ole Rynning's Emigrant Song," translated and edited by Theodore C. Blegen and Martin B. Ruud; "Johannes Nordboe and Norwegian Immigration: An America Letter of 1837," edited by Arne Odd Johnsen; "The First Norwegian Migration into Texas: Four 'America Letters,'" translated and edited by Lyder L. Unstad; "Norwegian-Americans and Wisconsin Polities in the Forties," by Bayrd Still; "The Emigrant Journey in the Fifties," by Karl E. Erickson, edited by Albert O. Barton; "The Political Position of Emigranten in the Election of 1852: A Documentary Article," by Harold M. Tolo; "The Editorial Policy of Skandinaven, 1900-1908," by Agnes M. Larson; "Some Recent Publications relating to Norwegian-American History, IV," compiled by Jacob Hodnefield; "Fort Thompson in the Eighties: A Communication.'' Price $2.00

VOLUME IX. Northfield, Minnesota, 1936. 181 p. "Immigration and Puritanism," by Marcus L. Hansen; "Svein Nilsson, Pioneer Norwegian-American Historian," by D. G. Ristad; "The Sugar Creek Settlement in Iowa," by H. F. Swansen; "Pioneer Town Building in the West: An America Letter Written by Frithjof Meidell at Springfield, Illinois, in 1855," translated with a foreword by Clarence A. Clausen; "A Typical Norwegian Settlement: Spring Grove, Minnesota," by Carlton C. Qualey; "Marcus Thrane in America: Some Unpublished Letters from 1880-1884," translated and edited by Waldemar Wester-gaard; "The Missouri Flood of 1881," by Halvor B. Hustvedt, translated by Katherine Hustvedt; "The Collection and Preservation of Sources," by Laurence M. Larson; "Some Recent Publications relating to Norwegian-American History, V," compiled by Jacob Hodnefield. Price $2.00

VOLUME X. Northfield, Minnesota, 1938. 202 p. "Language and Immigration," by Einar I. Haugen; "Two Early Norwegian Dramatic Societies in Chicago," by Napier Wilt and Henriette C. Koren Naeseth; "A School and Language Controversy in 1858: A Documentary Study," translated and edited by Arthur C. Paulson and Kenneth Bjørk; "A Newcomer Looks at American Colleges," translated and edited by Karen Larsen; "The Norwegian Quakers of Marshall County, Iowa," by H.F. Swansen; "The Main Factors in Rølvaag's Authorship," by Theodore Jorgenson; "Magnus Swenson, Inventor and Engineer," by Olaf Hougen; "Some Recent Publications relating to Norwegian-American History, VI," compiled by Jacob Hodnefield. Price $2.00

VOLUME XI. Northfield, Minnesota, 1940. 185 p. "A Doll's House on the Prairie: The First Ibsen Controversy in America," by Arthur C. Paulson and Kenneth Bjørk; "Scandinavian Students at Illinois State University," by Henry O. Evjen; "Stephen O. Himoe, Civil War Physician," by E. Biddle Heg; "A Pioneer Church Library," by H.F. Swansen; "Norwegian Emigration to America during the Nineteenth Century," by Ingrid Ganstad Semmingsen; "Jørgen Gjerdrum's Letters from America, 1874-75," by Carlton C. Qualey; "The Introduction of Domesticated Reindeer into Alaska," by Arthur S. Peterson; "The Unknown Rølvaag: Secretary in the Norwegian-American Historical Association," by Kenneth Bjørk; "The Sources of the Rølvaag Biography," by Nora O. Solum; "Some Recent Publications relating to Norwegian-American History, VII," compiled by Jacob Hodnefield. Price $2.00

VOLUME XII. Northfield, Minnesota. 1941. 203 p. "Norwegian-American Surnames," by Marjorie M. Kimmerle; "Norwegian Folk Narrative in America," by Ella Valborg Rølvaag; "A Journey to America in the Fifties" by Clara Jacobson; "James Denoon Reymert and the Norwegian Press," by Martin L. Reymert; "Recollections of a Norwegian Pioneer in Texas," by Knudt Olson Hastvedt, translated and edited by C. A. Clausen; "Norwegian Clubs in Chicago," by Birger Osland; "Buslett's Editorship of Normannen from 1894 to 1896," by Evelyn Nilsen; "Ole Edvart Rølvaag," by John Heitmann; "Ole Evinrude and the Outboard Motor," by Kenneth Bjørk; "Some Recent Publications relating to Norwegian-American History, VIII," compiled by Jacob Hodnefield. Price $2.00

TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION SERIES

VOLUME I. Ole Rynning's True Account of America. Translated and edited by Theodore C. Blegen. Minneapolis, 1926. 100 p. Contains historical introduction; original text of Rynning's book about America as published in Norway in 1838; and a complete English translation. Price $1.00

VOLUME II. Peter Testman's Account of His Experiences in North America. Translated and edited by Theodore C. Blegen. Northfield, Minnesota, 1927. 60 p. Contains historical introduction; facsimile of Testman's account of America as published in Norway in 1839; and a complete English translation. Price $1.00

VOLUME III. America in the Forties: The Letters of Ole Munch Ræder. Translated and edited by Gunnar J. Malmin. Published for the Norwegian-American Historical Association by the University of Minnesota Press, 1929. 244 p. Contains a series of informal travel letters written in 1847 and 1848 by Ole Munch Ræder, a Norwegian scholar, who was sent by his government to America to make a study of the jury system. These letters, describing his experiences and recording his observations, were given contemporary publication in Den norske rigstidende, a newspaper of Christiania, Norway, and are now brought together in an English translation under the supplied title, "America in the Forties." Price, paper, $2.00; cloth, $2.50

SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS

Norwegian Sailors on the Great Lakes: A Study in the History of American Inland Transportation. By Knut Gjerset. Northfield, Minnesota, 1928. 211 p. Contains eight chapters: Introduction; Early Conditions and Some Norwegian Pioneer Sailors and Captains in Lake Michigan Ports; Shipowners and Shipbuilders; The Ascendancy of Sailing Vessels; A Period of Transition; Duluth and Superior; Lake Captains in the Period of the Ascendancy of Sailing Vessels and Later; Lake Captains in Active Service. Price $2.50

Norwegian Migration to America, 1825-1860. By Theodore C. Blegen. Northfield, Minnesota, 1931. 413 p. Contains sixteen chapters: Introduction; The Genesis of the Movement; The Beginning of Western Settlement; Ole Rynning and the "America Book "; The Spread of Western Settlement; Rising Emigration and Westward Expansion; Emigration Causes and Controversy; Southern Colonization and the Western Settlements; Early "America Letters"; The Norwegian Government and the Early Emigration; "America Books" and Frontier Social and Economic Conditions; Emigrant Gold-Seekers; Oleana: A Colonization Project in Pennsylvania; Emigrant Songs and Poems; Currents and Cross Currents of the Fifties; On the Eve of the Civil War; and an appendix: "Sloop Folk" Problems. Price $3.50

Norwegian Sailors in American Waters: A Study in the History of Maritime Activity on the Eastern Seaboard. By Knut Gjerset. Northfield, Minnesota, 1933. 271 p. Contains twelve chapters: Early Traders and Voyagers; Norse Discoveries in the West; The Era of National and Maritime Decline; The Period of the White Sails; Norwegian Sailors in the Steamship Era; Norwegian-American Yachting Sailors; Fisheries and Fishermen; Norwegian Pilots, Ship Chandlers, Shipbuilders, and Ship Brokers; Life and Labor at Sea: Andrew Furuseth and the Seamen's Act of 1915; Religious and Social Work among Norwegian Seamen in America; Norwegian Seamen in the United States Navy, Marine, and Coast Guard Service; General Observations. Price $2.50

The Civil War Letters of Colonel Hans Christian Heg. Edited by Theodore C. Blegen. Northfield, Minnesota, 1936. 260 p. Contains a biographical essay by the editor and six chapters: From Madison to Island No. 10; In Camp and on the March; From Iuka to Perryville; The Battle of Murfreesboro; Camp Life near Murfreesboro; The Chickamauga Campaign. Price $2.50

Laur. Larsen: Pioneer College President. By Karen Larsen. Northfield, Minnesota, 1936. 358 p. Contains seventeen chapters: Family and Childhood; Kristiania Days; A Pioneer Parsonage; The Frontier Missionary; Called to New Work; Professor at Concordia College; Luther College Born in Storm and Stress; Building the College; Formative Years after the War; With Friends and Family; A Leader in the Church; From Latin School to Liberal Arts College; As the Students Saw Him; The Home in the Old College; The College President of the Nineties; A Norwegian-American; Finishing His Work; and a bibliographical note. Price $3.00

The Changing West and Other Essays. By Laurence M. Larson. Northfield, Minnesota, 1937. 180 p. Contains eight essays: The Changing West; The Norwegian Element in the Field of American Scholarship; The Convention Riot at Benson Grove, Iowa, in 1876; Teller Grundy-sen and the Beginnings of Norwegian-American Fiction; The Norwegian Element in the Northwest; Hjalmar Hjorth Boyesen; "Skandinaven, Professor Anderson, and the Yankee School "; The Lay Preacher in Pioneer Times. Price $2.50

Norwegian Settlement in the United States. By Carlton C. Qualey. Northfield, Minnesota, 1938. 285 p. Contains nine chapters: Migration Factors; The Sloopers Go West; Pioneering Wisconsin; On into Iowa; "A Glorious New Scandinavia "; The Giants' Country; North Dakota and Beyond; Michigan; Islands; and an appendix and a bibliography. Price $3.00

The Log Book of a Young Immigrant. By Laurence M. Larson. Northfield, Minnesota, 1939. 318 p. The narrative presented in this volume is the story of an American immigrant, born in Norway, who came to the United States as a boy, knew pioneer life on the Iowa prairies, and rose through his own efforts to become a distinguished scholar and author, the head of the history department in a great university, and the president of the American Historical Association. Price $3.00

Norwegian Migration to America: The American Transition. by Theodore C. Blegen. Northfield, Minnesota, 1940. 655 p. Contains eighteen chapters: From Old World to New; Frontier Ordeal; Language and Immigrant Transition; The Religious Impulse and the American Churches; The Emerging Church; Aspects of Everyday Life; Pioneer Folkways; The Immigrant and the Common School; Launching an Immigrant Press; The Press and Immigrant Life; New World Sailors; Canadian Interlude; The Era of the Civil War; The Slavery Controversy and the Church; People in Dispersion; Changing Frontiers; The Problem of Higher Education; Frontiers of Culture; and an appendix: John Quincy Adams and the Sloop "Restoration.'' Price $3.50

A SUGGESTION

A permanent endowment fund for the Norwegian-American Historical Association is being built up to insure the carrying on of the work that has been started. It is imperative that this fund should be increased generously and it is hoped that in not a few instances gifts and bequests will be made to the association for this purpose. The treasurer has suggested the following form of bequest:

Being in sympathy with the movement to preserve the records and make public the historical facts pertaining to the Norwegian-American people, I hereby give and bequeath unto the Norwegian-American Historical Association, incorporated under the laws of Minnesota, the sum of ............................... dollars, to be paid in due course of the administration of my estate.

Signed ........................................